Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a growing health-concern in many parts of the world. It is estimated that approximately 1.9 million iNTS cases occur annually in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is also known for a high mortality rate (20 – 25%); and iNTS is more common in association with malaria, HIV, and malnutrition. Currently, there is no vaccine available against iNTS. The main aim of this survey is to understand national perspectives about the potential value, demand for, and feasibility of providing a vaccine against iNTS. Thus, in the following sections, we would like to ask you about general perceptions and knowledge of iNTS, and desire for a future iNTS vaccine.
PARTICIPANT INFORMATION
(All fields are mandatory)
1. Contact Information (E-mail)
2. Country
3. Date of survey
4. ID Number
(Note: ID Number will be generated and filled automatically once you choose country.)
PARTICIPANT CONSENT AND DECLARATION
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is a growing health-concern in many parts of the world, and there is no vaccine available against iNTS at the moment.
I have been informed and understand that:
The main aim of the current survey is to collect information to inform policy makers of the need, demand for, and feasibility of providing a vaccine against iNTS.
The procedure involves filling an online survey questionnaire, which is expected to take approximately 15 – 20 minutes.
All the information and data that I provide, including any identifying information (i.e., email ID) will be treated as strictly confidential. It will be stored securely in a password protected electronic format and deleted after completion of the project.
Reports or publications arising from this survey will not contain any information that will personally identify me.
Date:
(Note: You will be able to enter and participate in this online survey only after you sign the above consent and declaration)
A. Background information
1. Your age
years old
2. Respondent’s gender
3. What type of institute/organization do you work for?
4. What is your occupation?
5. How many years of experience do you have in the current field?
6. What is your level of education?
7. What is the average level of education in areas where you are engaged for work (i.e., district/municipality/city)?
8. What is the average income per month in areas where you are engaged for work (approximately) (i.e., district/municipality/city)?
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B. Perception and knowledge of iNTS
1. Have you heard of iNTS (invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella) disease?
2. Could you select the symptoms of iNTS? (Check all that apply)
3. How common do you think iNTS is in your jurisdiction?
4. How serious do you think iNTS is?
5. Are you aware of any risk factors associated with iNTS in your jurisdiction? (Check all that apply)
6. What would be good practice to avoid iNTS infections? (Check all that apply)
7. If someone is infected with iNTS, what would be the best ways to treat this patient? (Check all that apply)
8. Could you tell us about age group(s) at high risk for iNTS? (Check all that apply)
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C. Vaccine and iNTS
Salmonella enterica is a single bacterial species. While a small sub-group of typhoidal serovars (also called strains) causes typhoidal illness such as typhoid (S. Typhi) and paratyphoid A, B, C (S. Paratyphi pathovars), a majority of the serovars are grouped as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections occur when NTS bacteria enter the blood stream and spread through the body. iNTS infections are most common in patients with malaria, HIV, and malnutrition. The disease is also known for a high mortality rate (20-25%). There is no vaccine available against iNTS at the moment. There are two different types of vaccines being developed against iNTS; one is a bivalent vaccine targeting two main strains of iNTS while the other is a trivalent vaccine to protect against the two iNTS strains and typhoid.
1. Have vaccines ever been purchased by people in areas where you work (i.e., district/municipality/city)?
2. If no, what would be the main reason for not purchasing a vaccine?
3. How urgent do you think it is to develop a vaccine against iNTS considering other competing health concerns in areas where you work (i.e., district/municipality/city)?
4. Which types of vaccine would be more preferred in areas where you work, assuming efficacy rates for both vaccines are identical?
5. If price for a trivalent vaccine is more expensive than a bivalent vaccine, which vaccine would be more preferred in areas where you work?
6. How many doses (i.e., number of doses) do you think would be practical for a fully vaccinated person?
7. What would be the most appropriate vaccination strategy in your population?
8. Do you think that the vaccine would be introduced universally or for a subset of the population?
9. What coverage rate do you think it would be desirable to control iNTS?
10. What coverage rate do you think it would be feasible logistically?
11. Which age cohort(s) should be targeted for vaccination? (Check all that apply for routine and catch-up)
12. What would be potential barriers to the iNTS vaccine introduction?
(Check all that apply for routine and catch-up)
13. If an iNTS vaccine becomes available, do you think that the government would consider it to be a part of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)?
14. If yes, what would be main reason?
15. If no, what would be main reason?
16. How would you like to rank the importance of an iNTS vaccine among existing vaccines if an iNTS vaccine becomes available? (Drag each option: 1 (high priority) – 12 (low priority))
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
iNTS (invasive NTS)
BCG (bacille calmette guerin)
OPV (oral polio vaccine)
DPT (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)
PCV (pneumococcal vaccine)
ROTA (rotavirus)
OCV (oral cholera vaccine)
TT (tetanus toxoid vaccine)
TCV (typhoid conjugate vaccine)
Measles
Yellow fever
Malaria
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